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CMP as an adjuvant in nasal vaccines
We have shown that CMP acts as an adjuvant in intranasal flu vaccines (Hasegawa and Strong J.Med.Virology, 2005) and an HIV DNA vaccine (Hamajima and Strong, Viral Immunol., 2003). CMP can also be used in combination with other adjuvants in vaccine formulations as shown by Asahi-Ozaki and Strong (Microbes and Infection, 2006). This is important because many pathogens cause disease by first colonizing and then penetrating the mucosal barrier of the gut, genital or respiratory tracts.
In response to this threat the nasal mucosa, like other mucosal surfaces of the body, has evolved a sophisticated immune barrier to protect against infection. The mucosal surfaces including the nasal mucosa contain a particularly high concentration of immune surveillance cells including dendritic cells, macrophages and M cells.
To achieve a good immunological response leading to adequate protective neutralizing antibodies it is necessary to overcome the natural immune tolerance of the nasal mucosa by the inclusion of a Th1 enhancing adjuvant such as CMP.
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| The primary advantages for choosing the nose as the route for immunization using CMP has includes the following: |
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The nose is easily accessible for vaccine delivery |
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The nasal passages are highly vascularized and the presence of |
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microvilli create a very large effective surface area |
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Both mucosal and systemic immune responses are induced |
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The nasal mucosa is part of the common mucosal immune system |
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allowing rapid trafficking of effector immune cells to distal sites |
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Nasal delivery is less expensive and suited to mass vaccination |
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strategies. This is of particular relevance to developing countries |
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CMP is stable at room temperature |
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Adjuvant Use
Protection against influenza virus infection by intranasal administration of hemagglutinin vaccine with chitin microparticles as an adjuvant.
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Chitin microparticles (CMP): A useful adjuvant for inducing viral specific immunity when delivered intranasally with an HIV-DNA vaccine.
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Intranasal administration of adjuvant-combined recombinant influenza virus HA vaccine protects mice from the lethal H5N1 virus infection.
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